{"id":2280,"date":"2026-06-23T07:09:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T07:09:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/?p=2280"},"modified":"2026-06-23T07:09:47","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T07:09:47","slug":"helical-gear-failure-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/helical-gear-failure-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Spiraalhammasratta rikete anal\u00fc\u00fcs \u2014 s\u00fcvendite, kriimustuste, hammasmurdude ja kulumise tuvastamine"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #2c3e50; max-width: 1100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 2%; line-height: 1.75; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;\">\n<div style=\"position: relative; min-height: 320px; display: flex; align-items: center; background: url('https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/helical-gear-workshop-3.webp') center\/cover no-repeat; border-radius: 8px; overflow: hidden; margin-bottom: 44px;\">\n<div style=\"position: absolute; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(108deg,rgba(10,22,45,.92) 0%,rgba(10,22,45,.74) 50%,rgba(10,22,45,.28) 100%);\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"position: relative; z-index: 1; padding: clamp(28px,5%,52px); max-width: 620px;\">\n<h1 style=\"font-size: clamp(22px,3.8vw,40px); font-weight: 800; color: #fff; line-height: 1.18; margin: 0 0 14px;\">Helical Gear Failure Analysis \u2014 Pitting, Scuffing, Tooth Fracture and Wear<\/h1>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: rgba(255,255,255,.82); line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px; margin: 0 0 22px;\">Iga <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> failure leaves physical evidence in the tooth surface texture, fracture pattern, and wear location. Reading this evidence correctly identifies the root cause \u2014 whether lubrication breakdown, overload, material defect, or misalignment \u2014 and determines whether the replacement gear requires a different specification, a lubrication change, or a machine alignment correction.<\/p>\n<p><a style=\"display: inline-block; background: #e67e22; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; font-size: clamp(13px,1.8vw,15px); padding: 12px 26px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#contact\">Submit a Failed Gear for Analysis \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Why Failure Analysis Matters Before Ordering a Replacement<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Installing a replacement <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> into a gearbox that failed without first diagnosing why it failed almost guarantees a repeat failure at the same or shorter service interval. The replacement gear is identical to the original \u2014 if the original failed at 18 months due to gear oil contamination with water, the replacement will also fail at 18 months. If the original failed due to insufficient face width (\u03b5_\u03b2 &lt; 1) causing edge loading, a like-for-like replacement will fail identically. Correct failure analysis identifies whether the replacement gear needs a different specification, whether the lubrication must be changed, whether a seal must be repaired, or whether a machine alignment issue must be corrected before the new gear is installed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Korea Ever-Power offers a failure analysis service alongside its reverse engineering capability: send the failed <strong>spiraalne l\u00f5igatud hammasratas<\/strong> for visual and metallographic examination, and receive a failure mode report with root cause and specification recommendation before a replacement is ordered. Browse the <a style=\"color: #1a5276; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/product-category\/helical-gear\/\">spiraalk\u00e4igukasti tootevalik<\/a> for replacement specifications.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Pitting \u2014 Surface Contact Fatigue, the Most Common Helical Gear Failure<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"max-width: 560px; height: auto; display: block; margin: 22px auto; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.10);\" src=\"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Hard-Tooth-Flank-Helical-Gear.webp\" alt=\"hard tooth flank helical gear showing carburized HRC 58-62 surface that resists pitting when EHL film is maintained but initiates pitting cracks when film breaks down at pitch line contact zone\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12.5px; color: #7f8c8d; text-align: center; margin: -14px 0 24px; font-style: italic;\">K\u00f5va hamba k\u00fclg karastatud <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> \u2014 the HRC 58\u201362 surface resists pitting when lubrication film is adequate. Pitting initiates at the pitch line where the EHL film is thinnest and sliding velocity is lowest, typically appearing as small hemispherical craters 0.1\u20131.0 mm diameter in early stages<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: clamp(15px,2.5vw,19px); color: #2c3e50; border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; padding-left: 10px; margin: 24px 0 10px; font-weight: bold;\">Pitting: Visual Characteristics and Location<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Pitting is surface fatigue \u2014 tiny cracks initiate at or just below the tooth flank surface and propagate under cyclic Hertzian contact stress until a small fragment detaches, leaving a roughly hemispherical crater (the &#8220;pit&#8221;). Pitting in a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> has three distinctive location and appearance characteristics:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 20px; margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.9;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Asukoht:<\/strong> Pitting initiates predominantly at or slightly below the pitch line \u2014 the position on the tooth flank where the EHL film is thinnest (lowest sliding velocity, minimum film thickness) and Hertzian contact stress is highest. In a single <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong>, pits concentrate near the centre of the face width where the contact pattern is densest; at one face end if lead deviation (mis-alignment) is causing edge loading.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Progressioon:<\/strong> Initial pits (0.1\u20130.3 mm diameter) are hemispherical, with a smooth surface from the fatigue crack propagation. As pitting continues, adjacent pits coalesce into spalling \u2014 larger, irregular craters with rougher surfaces. Spalling accelerates rapidly once started because the rough spalled area disrupts the EHL film for neighbouring teeth.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0;\"><strong>Distinguishing progressive vs destructive pitting:<\/strong> Progressive (acceptable) pitting produces pits that arrest after an initial running-in period \u2014 the rough surface redistributes load to a slightly wider contact zone, and the EHL film re-establishes. Destructive pitting continues to spread, with spalled areas growing. If pitting is still growing at the next inspection, it will not arrest without a root cause change.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: clamp(15px,2.5vw,19px); color: #2c3e50; border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; padding-left: 10px; margin: 24px 0 10px; font-weight: bold;\">Root Causes of Pitting in Helical Gears<\/h3>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; width: 100%; margin: 18px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 480px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Root Cause<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Mechanism<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Diagnostic Evidence<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Prevention<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Lubricant film too thin (\u03bb &lt; 1.0)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Asperity contact exceeds material fatigue limit; cracks initiate at surface asperities<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pits concentrated at pitch line; oil sample shows high particle count but normal chemistry<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Increase oil viscosity grade; check oil temperature; upgrade to synthetic PAO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Overload (F_t exceeds design value)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Contact stress \u03c3_H exceeds \u03c3_H lim; fatigue life consumed rapidly<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pitting across full face width; uniformly distributed; no edge concentration<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Reduce transmitted load; increase gear size (module, face width); higher material grade<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Edge loading from misalignment<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Contact concentrated at one face end; local stress exceeds \u03c3_H lim<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pitting concentrated at one face edge; opposite edge clean; lead deviation confirmed by analyser<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Realign shaft or housing; specify lead crowning on replacement gear<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Water or contaminant in oil<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Water emulsifies oil; EHL film collapses; corrosion-fatigue accelerates crack propagation<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pits with rust staining; oil sample shows water content above 0.1%; white emulsion at oil fill<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Repair seal allowing water ingress; replace oil; improve breather design<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Micropitting \u2014 The Fine-Scale Fatigue Preceding Full Pitting<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Micropitting (also called grey staining, frosting, or corrosion fatigue in different industry standards) is a fine-scale surface damage mode that precedes full pitting in many <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> failures. Micropits are 10\u2013100 \u00b5m diameter craters \u2014 too small to see individually with the naked eye, but producing a characteristic matte grey appearance on the tooth flank in the pitch line region. Under a \u00d720 optical microscope or SEM, the micropitting zone shows a dense array of tiny craters with angular edges, clearly distinct from the polished adjacent surface.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Micropitting forms when the specific film thickness ratio \u03bb is in the range 0.4\u20131.0 \u2014 the mixed lubrication regime where occasional asperity contact occurs but full metal-metal contact has not yet developed. The micropits gradually merge and deepen, transitioning to macro-pitting after typically 10\u2077\u201310\u2078 contact cycles. Micropitting is particularly common in ground <strong>spiraalsed hammasrattad<\/strong> during the first 200\u2013500 hours of operation (running-in), after which the surface roughness reduces, the EHL film re-establishes, and the micropitting arrests. If micropitting continues beyond the running-in period, it indicates an inadequate lubricant for the operating conditions.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Scuffing (Scoring) \u2014 Catastrophic Film Breakdown<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: clamp(15px,2.5vw,19px); color: #2c3e50; border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; padding-left: 10px; margin: 24px 0 10px; font-weight: bold;\">Scuffing: Visual Characteristics and Rapid Progression<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Scuffing is an adhesive wear mechanism in <strong>spiraalsed hammasrattad<\/strong> that occurs when the EHL film collapses completely and the mating tooth flanks weld at asperity contacts under the flash temperature generated by sliding. The welds tear as the tooth surfaces move relative to each other, producing characteristic linear furrows in the sliding direction across the tooth flank. Scuffing in a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> appears as:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"padding-left: 20px; margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.9;\">\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Asukoht:<\/strong> Tooth tip and tooth root (where sliding velocity is highest and EHL film is thinnest). The pitch line itself is typically free of scuffing because sliding velocity is zero at this point. This distinctive location pattern distinguishes scuffing from pitting.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 8px;\"><strong>Appearance:<\/strong> Irregular, rough surface with directional scoring marks in the sliding direction. The surface appears torn rather than smoothly pitted. Transfer of material from one gear to the other is often visible \u2014 bright metallic transfer patches on one tooth surface, corresponding dark abraded zones on the mating surface.<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-bottom: 0;\"><strong>Progressioon:<\/strong> Scuffing is rapid and catastrophic. Once initiated, the rough scuffed surface destroys the EHL film for all subsequent tooth contacts, accelerating scuffing across the full tooth face within hours. There is no &#8220;tolerable&#8221; level of scuffing \u2014 any evidence of scoring requires immediate machine shutdown and gear replacement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: clamp(15px,2.5vw,19px); color: #2c3e50; border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; padding-left: 10px; margin: 24px 0 10px; font-weight: bold;\">Root Causes and Prevention<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Scuffing occurs when the tooth flank temperature exceeds a critical threshold at which the lubricant film can no longer form. Contributing factors: incorrect lubricant viscosity grade (too low for the operating speed), gear oil at high temperature (above 90\u00b0C sump), insufficient EP additive content for the specific gear tooth material pair, very high pitch-line velocity combined with inadequate oil flow to the mesh, and insufficient running-in (new gears at full load from cold start). Prevention: use the correctly specified oil grade with verified EP additive content (confirmed by FZG scuffing test stage \u2265 12); ensure adequate oil flow rate; follow the manufacturer&#8217;s running-in procedure for new gears; monitor sump temperature continuously in high-speed applications above 25 m\/s.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Tooth Root Fracture \u2014 Bending Fatigue vs Impact Fracture<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; margin: 22px 0; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.10);\" src=\"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/single-Helical-Gear-and-Double-Helical-Gear-2.webp\" alt=\"helical gear comparison showing the tooth root geometry where bending fatigue fractures initiate and the difference between progressive fatigue cracks from cyclic loading versus brittle impact fractures\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 12.5px; color: #7f8c8d; text-align: center; margin: -14px 0 24px; font-style: italic;\">Tooth root geometry \u2014 fractures initiate at the highest bending stress point in the root fillet. Bending fatigue fracture shows a progressive beach-mark crack growth zone; impact fracture shows a clean brittle fracture surface without beach marks<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: clamp(15px,2.5vw,19px); color: #2c3e50; border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; padding-left: 10px; margin: 24px 0 10px; font-weight: bold;\">Bending Fatigue Fracture \u2014 Progressive Crack Growth<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Bending fatigue fracture in a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> tooth initiates at the tensile side of the tooth root fillet (the side from which the tooth bends under load) and propagates progressively with each load cycle. The fracture surface has characteristic &#8220;beach marks&#8221; \u2014 concentric curved lines visible to the naked eye that indicate the position of the crack front at different stages of propagation. The crack growth zone is typically smooth and concave; the final fracture zone (where the remaining tooth cross-section was insufficient to carry the load and failed instantaneously) is rough and may show chevron marks or river lines indicating direction of final fracture propagation. Beach marks identify a fatigue fracture unambiguously \u2014 they are present in fatigue and absent in impact fractures.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"font-size: clamp(15px,2.5vw,19px); color: #2c3e50; border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; padding-left: 10px; margin: 24px 0 10px; font-weight: bold;\">Impact Fracture \u2014 Single-Event Overload<\/h3>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Impact fracture in a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> tooth occurs when a single load event exceeds the tooth&#8217;s ultimate bending strength \u2014 typically entry shock (rolling mill bite, crusher bite), hydraulic hammer blow, or dropped load. The fracture surface is uniformly rough with no beach marks; chevron patterns on the fracture surface indicate the direction of crack propagation from the root fillet. Impact fracture is more common in induction-hardened gears (where the shallow hardened zone over a tough core can absorb most shock loads) than in carburized gears (where the case-core boundary creates a potential stress concentration under impact).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Abrasive Wear \u2014 Gear Surface Damage from Oil Contamination<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Abrasive wear in <strong>spiraalsed hammasrattad<\/strong> removes material evenly from the tooth flanks \u2014 both addendum and dedendum, not concentrated at the pitch line as with pitting \u2014 through the cutting and gouging action of hard particles suspended in the gear oil. The worn surfaces show directional scratches in the sliding direction, and the tooth profile gradually deviates from the original involute as material is continuously removed. The gear analyser report of a worn gear shows increasing profile deviation over successive inspections.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background: #fff8e6; border-left: 4px solid #e67e22; padding: 13px 16px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; margin: 16px 0; font-size: clamp(13px,1.8vw,15px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.75;\"><strong>Distinguishing abrasive wear from pitting in a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong>:<\/strong> Abrasive wear affects the full tooth height (tip to root) with directional scratch marks running in the sliding direction; pitting concentrates at the pitch line with hemispherical craters. The oil sample from a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> drive tells the diagnosis: abrasive wear produces elevated ISO particle count at small particle sizes (5\u201315 \u00b5m); pitting produces larger particles (20\u2013100 \u00b5m) that trigger the ferrographic analyser threshold alarms.<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Sest <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> drives in dusty environments: maintain ISO cleanliness class at or below ISO 16\/14\/11 (per ISO 4406) through regular oil filtration (full-flow filter with 10 \u00b5m absolute rating) and oil sampling. In mining and outdoor environments where seal integrity is difficult to maintain, increase the filtration and oil sampling frequency \u2014 monthly for critical drives, quarterly for standard drives.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Failure Mode Diagnostic Quick Reference<\/h2>\n<div style=\"overflow-x: auto; width: 100%; margin: 18px 0;\">\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; min-width: 540px;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">What You See<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Where on the Tooth<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Failure Mode<\/th>\n<th style=\"background: #1a5276; color: #fff; padding: 10px 13px; text-align: left; border: 1px solid #154360; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Most Likely Root Cause<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Hemispherical craters, 0.1\u20132 mm<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pitch line, face centre<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pitting (contact fatigue)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">EHL film too thin; overload; insufficient \u03c3_H lim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Hemispherical craters, face edge only<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pitch line, one face end<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Edge-loading pitting<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Shaft misalignment; excessive lead deviation; no lead crowning<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Matte grey, fine-scale cratering<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Pitch line extending toward tip and root<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Micropitting (grey staining)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">\u03bb = 0.4\u20131.0; inadequate oil viscosity or additive package<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Directional scoring, transferred metal<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Tooth tip and root<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Scuffing (adhesive wear)<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Film collapse; oil overtemperature; insufficient EP additive<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Fracture with beach marks<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Root fillet, tensile side<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Bending fatigue fracture<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Overload; inadequate SF; small root fillet radius; material defect<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Fracture without beach marks, rough<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Root fillet, full cross-section<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Impact fracture<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #fff; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Single overload event; shock impact above tooth breaking strength<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px); ;font-weight: 700;\">Uniform directional scratching, full tooth height<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Addendum and dedendum evenly<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Abrasive wear<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #f2f3f4; padding: 8px 12px; border: 1px solid #d5d8dc; font-size: clamp(13px,1.5vw,15px);\">Hard particles in oil; failed filter; seal breach allowing contamination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">When the Replacement Helical Gear Needs a Different Specification<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">The failure mode of the original <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> directly determines whether the replacement requires a specification change. Three failure modes almost always require a specification upgrade rather than a like-for-like replacement:<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr)); gap: 13px; margin: 18px 0;\">\n<div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px 16px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\"><strong style=\"display: block; color: #1a5276; font-size: clamp(13px,1.7vw,14.5px); margin-bottom: 6px;\">Pitting with edge loading pattern<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(13px,1.7vw,14px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.68; margin: 0;\">Replacement <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> should specify lead crowning (5\u201315 \u00b5m) to bring contact back to face centre under shaft deflection. A like-for-like flat-lead replacement will edge-load and pit at the same rate as the original.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px 16px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\"><strong style=\"display: block; color: #1a5276; font-size: clamp(13px,1.7vw,14.5px); margin-bottom: 6px;\">Bending fatigue fracture at high duty cycle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(13px,1.7vw,14px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.68; margin: 0;\">Replacement <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> should upgrade material tier: from soft flank (45# QT) to carburized grade (20CrMnTi), or from induction-hardened (42CrMo) to fully carburized. A like-for-like replacement has the same bending fatigue limit and will fracture at the same service interval.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-left: 4px solid #1a5276; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px 16px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;\"><strong style=\"display: block; color: #1a5276; font-size: clamp(13px,1.7vw,14.5px); margin-bottom: 6px;\">Scuffing with no other damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(13px,1.7vw,14px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.68; margin: 0;\">Like-for-like <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> replacement combined with correct oil viscosity grade and running-in procedure typically prevents recurrence. Scuffing from oil overtemperature may also require an oil cooling system addition to the gearbox.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Korea Ever-Power \u2014 Failure Analysis and Replacement Specification<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 14px;\">Korea Ever-Power&#8217;s failure analysis service accepts worn or failed <strong>spiraalsed l\u00f5igatud hammasrattad<\/strong> for visual examination, gear analyser measurement, and metallographic section analysis (hardness traverse, case depth confirmation, grain flow assessment). The examination report identifies the failure mode, probable root cause, and whether the replacement gear requires a specification change (different material, accuracy class, lead crowning, or service factor). As a direct <a style=\"color: #1a5276; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/\">spiraalhammasrataste tootja<\/a>, Korea Ever-Power can produce the replacement gear immediately after confirming the specification \u2014 without the additional delays of sending analysis results to a separate manufacturer.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(18px,3vw,24px); color: #1a5276; border-bottom: 3px solid #e67e22; padding-bottom: 8px; margin: 40px 0 16px; font-weight: bold;\">Korduma kippuvad k\u00fcsimused<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; padding: 14px 0;\"><strong style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #1a5276; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 7px; display: block;\">Can pitting be tolerated or should the gear be replaced immediately?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 0;\">Light initial pitting at the pitch line of a <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> \u2014 typically small pits under 0.3 mm diameter covering less than 3% of the active tooth flank area \u2014 can sometimes be tolerated in soft tooth flank <strong>spiraalsed hammasrattad<\/strong> where the pits redistribute contact stress and arrest naturally. Hard tooth flank gears (carburized HRC 58\u201362) should be replaced when pitting is observed, because spalling in a hard case propagates rapidly and accelerates. The decision rule: if pitting area is increasing on successive oil drain inspections (monthly oil particle count trending upward), the gear is in destructive pitting and should be replaced at the next scheduled shutdown.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; padding: 14px 0;\"><strong style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #1a5276; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 7px; display: block;\">How can you tell if a helical gear failure was caused by a lubrication problem or a material problem?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 0;\">Oil analysis is the first diagnostic step. If the oil shows: elevated particle count (ISO Class &gt;19\/17\/14), water contamination, low viscosity from shear degradation, or depleted additive package \u2014 a lubrication root cause is strongly indicated. If the oil is clean and correctly specified, the failure is likely a material, geometry, or load issue. Metallographic section of the failed gear confirms: if the hardness traverse shows correct case depth and hardness profile, the material specification was met and the failure was mechanical overload or lubrication. If hardness is below specification, a heat treatment problem is implicated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0; padding: 14px 0;\"><strong style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #1a5276; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 7px; display: block;\">Why does pitting often concentrate at one face edge of a helical gear?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 0;\">Edge-loading pitting occurs when the gear&#8217;s actual contact pattern is concentrated at one end of the face width rather than across the full face. The two primary causes are: (1) shaft or housing misalignment \u2014 if the gear shaft is not parallel to the mating shaft within the lead angle tolerance, the contact zone shifts to the nearside face edge; (2) insufficient lead crowning \u2014 a flat tooth lead with no crowning has no tolerance for deflection-induced misalignment under load, and any deflection shifts the contact zone to an edge. The fix for a replacement <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong> is to specify lead crowning of 5\u201315 \u00b5m (depending on face width and expected shaft deflection) to bring the contact back to centre under operating load.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"padding: 14px 0;\"><strong style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #1a5276; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 7px; display: block;\">What is case crushing and how is it different from surface pitting?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,17px); color: #2c3e50; line-height: 1.85; margin-bottom: 0;\">Case crushing is a sub-surface fatigue failure that occurs below the carburized case of a hard tooth flank <strong>spiraalne k\u00e4ik<\/strong>. It initiates at the case-core boundary \u2014 where the hardness transitions from HRC 58\u201362 (case) to HRC 30\u201338 (core) \u2014 and propagates as a crack parallel to the tooth surface. The result is a large fragment that detaches across the entire case depth rather than the small surface pit of normal pitting. Case crushing is indicated by large (2\u201310 mm) fragments with a relatively flat fracture surface, appearing suddenly without the progressive small-pit precursor of normal pitting. Root cause: case depth too shallow for the transmitted load (the subsurface shear stress peak penetrates below the case-core boundary); or overload event exceeding the case-core boundary strength. Prevention: specify adequate minimum case depth per ISO 6336-5 for the transmitted contact stress level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"contact\" style=\"background: linear-gradient(135deg,#12243e 0%,#1c4a8a 100%); border-radius: 10px; padding: clamp(28px,5%,48px); margin: 48px 0 20px; text-align: center;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: clamp(20px,3vw,30px); color: #fff; font-weight: 800; margin: 0 0 12px;\">Submit a Failed Helical Gear for Analysis<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(14px,2vw,16.5px); color: rgba(255,255,255,.78); max-width: 520px; margin: 0 auto 26px; line-height: 1.72;\">Send your failed gear for visual examination, gear analyser measurement, and metallographic section report. Korea Ever-Power identifies the failure mode and root cause \u2014 and produces the correctly specified replacement without additional lead time delays.<\/p>\n<div style=\"display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 12px;\"><a style=\"display: inline-block; background: #e67e22; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; font-size: clamp(13px,1.8vw,15px); padding: 13px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"#contact\">Esita rikke anal\u00fc\u00fcsi taotlus<\/a><br \/>\n<a style=\"display: inline-block; background: transparent; color: #fff; font-weight: bold; font-size: clamp(13px,1.8vw,15px); padding: 13px 28px; border-radius: 6px; text-decoration: none; border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55);\" href=\"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/product-category\/helical-gear\/\">Spiraalsete hammasrataste vahetusvahemik<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"font-size: clamp(12px,1.6vw,13.5px); color: rgba(255,255,255,.48); margin: 0;\">Visual examination \u00b7 Gear analyser \u00b7 Metallographic section \u00b7 Root cause report \u00b7 Replacement specification<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Toimetaja: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Helical Gear Failure Analysis \u2014 Pitting, Scuffing, Tooth Fracture and Wear Every helical gear failure leaves physical evidence in the tooth surface texture, fracture pattern, and wear location. Reading this evidence correctly identifies the root cause \u2014 whether lubrication breakdown, overload, material defect, or misalignment \u2014 and determines whether the replacement gear requires a different [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-catalog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2280"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2281,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2280\/revisions\/2281"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2280"}],"curies":[{"name":"t\u00f6\u00f6leht","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}