{"id":2357,"date":"2026-06-25T03:56:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T03:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/?p=2357"},"modified":"2026-06-25T03:56:22","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T03:56:22","slug":"helical-gear-iso-6336-strength-calculation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/helical-gear-iso-6336-strength-calculation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 ISO 6336 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 ISO 6336 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h1>\n

Every \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> drive must pass two independent fatigue checks: pitting resistance (contact fatigue, \u03c3_H) and tooth root bending strength (\u03c3_F). ISO 6336 provides the globally recognised calculation framework for both. Understanding the structure of the two checks \u2014 what each factor represents, which material property limits each, and how the safety factors are set \u2014 is the foundation for correctly specifying the correct \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> for any given application without over- or under-sizing.<\/p>\n

Request ISO 6336 Calculation for Your Gear \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Two Independent Fatigue Limits \u2014 Why Both Must Be Checked<\/h2>\n

\u090f \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> pair can fail through two entirely different mechanisms at the same operating load, and both must be checked independently because the material properties, geometry factors, and safety margins differ between them. Passing one check does not imply passing the other:<\/p>\n

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Check 1 \u2014 Pitting Resistance (Contact Fatigue)<\/p>\n

The Hertz contact stress \u03c3_H at the tooth flank must remain below the material\u2019s allowable contact stress \u03c3_H lim. Pitting is a surface fatigue mechanism \u2014 it initiates at or just below the tooth flank surface at the pitch line, where the EHL film is thinnest. It is progressive (warning before catastrophic failure) and governed by surface hardness. Typical minimum safety factor S_H min = 1.0\u20131.2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Check 2 \u2014 Tooth Root Bending Strength<\/p>\n

The bending stress \u03c3_F at the tooth root fillet must remain below the material\u2019s allowable bending stress \u03c3_F lim. Tooth root fracture is a bending fatigue mechanism \u2014 it initiates at the tensile-side root fillet and propagates to catastrophic tooth fracture without warning. It is governed by core toughness and root geometry. Typical minimum safety factor S_F min = 1.3\u20132.0 (higher than pitting because failure is sudden).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The ISO 6336 Contact Stress Formula \u2014 Pitting Resistance Calculation<\/h2>\n

ISO 6336-2 calculates the nominal contact stress at the pitch point of a \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u03c3_H0 at the pitch point of a \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> pair and then applies load influence factors to get the effective contact stress \u03c3_H:<\/p>\n

\u03c3_H = Z_H \u00d7 Z_E \u00d7 Z_\u03b5 \u00d7 Z_\u03b2 \u00d7 \u221a( F_t\/(b \u00d7 d\u2081) \u00d7 (u+1)\/u ) \u00d7 \u221a(K_A \u00d7 K_V \u00d7 K_H\u03b1 \u00d7 K_H\u03b2) [MPa]<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Factor<\/th>\nName<\/th>\nTypical Value<\/th>\nPhysical Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Z_H<\/td>\nZone factor<\/td>\n2.35 at \u03b2=20\u00b0, \u03b1_n=20\u00b0<\/td>\nConverts tangential force to contact stress at the \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> pitch point; reduces slightly with helix angle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z_E<\/td>\nElasticity factor<\/td>\n189.8 \u221aMPa (steel\/steel)<\/td>\nMaterial elastic properties; fixed at 189.8 for any steel-on-steel gear pair<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z_\u03b5<\/td>\nContact ratio factor<\/td>\n0.75\u20130.88 (lower = better)<\/td>\nAccounts for load sharing of the \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> from total contact ratio; higher \u03b5_\u03b3 reduces Z_\u03b5, reducing \u03c3_H \u2014 the helical gear advantage quantified<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z_\u03b2<\/td>\nHelix angle factor<\/td>\n\u221a(cos \u03b2): 0.97 at \u03b2=20\u00b0<\/td>\nAccounts for the inclined contact line; modest benefit from helix angle beyond Z_\u03b5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F_t\/(b \u00d7 d\u2081)<\/td>\nUnit load<\/td>\nN\/mm\u00b2<\/td>\nNominal Hertzian loading \u2014 the fundamental intensity before stress concentration<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
u<\/td>\nGear ratio<\/td>\n= z\u2082\/z\u2081<\/td>\nCurvature factor: higher u means the smaller gear (pinion) has higher contact stress than the larger gear<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K_A<\/td>\nApplication factor<\/td>\n1.0\u20133.0<\/td>\nExternal load variation (service factor); multiplies both contact and bending stress equally<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K_H\u03b2<\/td>\nFace load distribution factor (contact)<\/td>\n1.05\u20131.8<\/td>\nNon-uniform load across \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> face width; accounts for shaft deflection and misalignment. Reduced by lead crowning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The pitting safety factor for the \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> pair (pinion and wheel checked separately):<\/p>\n

S_H = \u03c3_H lim_eff \/ \u03c3_H \u2265 S_H_min (typically 1.00 for general industrial; 1.20 for applications with uncertain load history)<\/p>\n

The ISO 6336 Bending Stress Formula \u2014 Tooth Root Strength Calculation<\/h2>\n

\"\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932<\/p>\n

Helical gear tooth cross-section \u2014 the tooth root fillet is the highest bending stress location in the entire gear. ISO 6336-3 calculates the nominal bending stress for a \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u03c3_F0 at this location and applies load influence factors K_A, K_V, K_F\u03b1, and K_F\u03b2 to obtain the effective stress for comparison against \u03c3_F lim<\/p>\n

\u03c3_F = (F_t \/ (b \u00d7 m_n)) \u00d7 Y_Fa \u00d7 Y_Sa \u00d7 Y_\u03b5 \u00d7 Y_\u03b2 \u00d7 K_A \u00d7 K_V \u00d7 K_F\u03b1 \u00d7 K_F\u03b2 [MPa]<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Factor<\/th>\nName<\/th>\nTypical Value<\/th>\nPhysical Meaning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Y_Fa<\/td>\nTooth form factor<\/td>\n2.5\u20133.5 (decreases with z)<\/td>\nBending moment arm at the \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> root fillet relative to tooth pitch; depends on tooth count and profile shift<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y_Sa<\/td>\nStress correction factor<\/td>\n1.55\u20131.80<\/td>\nStress concentration at root fillet; accounts for the notch effect of the fillet radius. Larger fillet \u2192 lower Y_Sa \u2192 lower \u03c3_F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y_\u03b5<\/td>\nContact ratio factor (bending)<\/td>\n0.62\u20130.75<\/td>\nLoad sharing effect on bending; less reduction than Z_\u03b5 for contact because load still concentrates on individual teeth<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y_\u03b2<\/td>\nHelix angle factor (bending)<\/td>\n1 \u2212 \u03b5\u03b2 \u00d7 \u03b2\/120 (approx.)<\/td>\nHelical contact line extends the root loading zone; moderate benefit for bending at \u03b2=20\u201325\u00b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K_F\u03b2<\/td>\nFace load factor (bending)<\/td>\n1.05\u20132.0<\/td>\nNon-uniform load across face width; similar to K_H\u03b2 but applied to bending. Edge loading from misalignment directly raises \u03c3_F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The bending safety factor for the \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

S_F = \u03c3_F lim_eff \/ \u03c3_F \u2265 S_F_min (typically 1.40\u20131.60 general industrial; 2.00 for safety-critical applications)<\/p>\n

Why S_F_min is higher than S_H_min:<\/strong> Pitting is detectable before it becomes catastrophic \u2014 oil particle count monitoring gives 200\u20131000 hours warning before serious pitting damage. Tooth root fracture gives no warning and can cause secondary damage to the gearbox housing and related machinery in seconds. The higher minimum safety factor for bending (1.4\u20132.0 vs 1.0\u20131.2 for pitting) reflects this difference in failure consequence and detectability.<\/div>\n

Material Allowable Stresses \u2014 \u03c3_H lim and \u03c3_F lim Reference<\/h2>\n

\"58-62<\/p>\n

Carburized \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u2014 the HRC 58\u201362 surface hardness achieved by gas carburizing delivers \u03c3_H lim of 1500\u20131800 MPa (ISO 6336-5 MQ to ME material quality) \u2014 approximately 3\u00d7 higher than a QT soft-flank gear, enabling either 3\u00d7 the transmitted load or approximately 9\u00d7 longer service life at the same load<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Material Grade<\/th>\n\u0909\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/th>\nSurface Hardness<\/th>\n\u03c3_H lim (MPa) ISO MQ<\/th>\n\u03c3_F lim (MPa) ISO MQ<\/th>\nISO 6336-5 Quality<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
45# (C45)<\/td>\nQT<\/td>\nHB 220\u2013280<\/td>\n490\u2013560<\/td>\n190\u2013225<\/td>\nML (minimum)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40Cr (41Cr4)<\/td>\nQT<\/td>\nHB 260\u2013320<\/td>\n530\u2013600<\/td>\n210\u2013240<\/td>\nML<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42CrMo (42CrMo4)<\/td>\nInduction HRC 52<\/td>\nHRC 50\u201355<\/td>\n820\u2013950<\/td>\n340\u2013380<\/td>\nMQ<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20CrMnTi<\/td>\nCarburized + ground<\/td>\nHRC 58\u201362<\/td>\n1500\u20131650<\/td>\n430\u2013480<\/td>\nMQ to ME<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17CrNiMo6<\/td>\nCarburized + ground<\/td>\nHRC 58\u201362<\/td>\n1600\u20131800<\/td>\n450\u2013500<\/td>\nME (best)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

ISO 6336-5 material quality levels: ML = minimum; MQ = medium quality (industrial standard); ME = high quality (automotive and marine). \u03c3_H lim and \u03c3_F lim values from ISO 6336-5 Tables 1 and 2.<\/p>\n

Worked Calculation Example \u2014 M5 Helical Gear Pair, 75 kW at 1500 RPM<\/h2>\n
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Given: M5, z\u2081=24, z\u2082=72, \u03b2=20\u00b0, \u03b1_n=20\u00b0, b=80 mm, 20CrMnTi carburized, P=75 kW, n\u2081=1500 RPM, KA=1.25 (light shock)<\/p>\n

Step 1 \u2014 Geometry<\/p>\n

d\u2081 = 5 \u00d7 24 \/ cos20\u00b0 = 127.8 mm \u00a0 | \u00a0 d\u2082 = 5 \u00d7 72 \/ cos20\u00b0 = 383.4 mm
\nu = z\u2082\/z\u2081 = 3.0 \u00a0 | \u00a0 C = (127.8 + 383.4)\/2 = 255.6 mm<\/p>\n

Step 2 \u2014 Tangential force and unit load<\/p>\n

T\u2081 = 9550 \u00d7 75 \/ 1500 = 477.5 N\u00b7m
\nF_t = 2T\u2081 \/ d\u2081 = 2 \u00d7 477,500 \/ 127.8 = 7,475 N
\nF_t\/b = 7,475 \/ 80 = 93.4 N\/mm \u2192 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092d\u093e\u0930 w_t = F_t \u00d7 (u+1)\/(b \u00d7 u) = 7475 \u00d7 4\/(80 \u00d7 3) = 124.6 N\/mm<\/p>\n

\u091a\u0930\u0923 3 \u2014 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u03c3_H (\u0938\u0930\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, KV=1.05, KH\u03b2=1.15, KH\u03b1=1.0)<\/p>\n

\u03c3_H0 = Z_H \u00d7 Z_E \u00d7 Z_\u03b5 \u00d7 Z_\u03b2 \u00d7 \u221a(w_t)
\n= 2.35 \u00d7 189.8 \u00d7 0.79 \u00d7 0.970 \u00d7 \u221a(124.6)
\n= 2.35 \u00d7 189.8 \u00d7 0.79 \u00d7 0.970 \u00d7 11.16
\n= 380 \u090f\u092e\u092a\u0940\u090f (\u0928\u093e\u092e\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930)<\/p>\n

\u03c3_H_eff = \u03c3_H0 \u00d7 \u221a(KA \u00d7 KV \u00d7 KH\u03b2 \u00d7 KH\u03b1)
\n= 380 \u00d7 \u221a(1.25 \u00d7 1.05 \u00d7 1.15 \u00d7 1.0)
\n= 380 \u00d7 \u221a1.509 = 380 \u00d7 1.229 = 467 MPa<\/p>\n

\u091a\u0930\u0923 4 \u2014 \u0917\u0921\u094d\u0922\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/p>\n

\u03c3_H \u0932\u093f\u092e (20CrMnTi \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921, ISO MQ) = 1500 MPa
\n\u090f\u0938_\u090f\u091a = 1500 \/ 467 = 3.21 \u2713<\/span> \u00a0(\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e 1.0 \u2014 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908)<\/p>\n

\u091a\u0930\u0923 5 - \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u03c3_F (YFa=2.65, YSa=1.60, Y\u03b5=0.68, Y\u03b2=0.88, KF\u03b2=1.18)<\/p>\n

\u03c3_F0 = (F_t \/ (b \u00d7 mn)) \u00d7 YFa \u00d7 YSa \u00d7 Y\u03b5 \u00d7 Y\u03b2
\n= (7475 \/ (80 \u00d7 5)) \u00d7 2.65 \u00d7 1.60 \u00d7 0.68 \u00d7 0.88
\n= 18.69 \u00d7 2.545 = 47.6 \u090f\u092e\u092a\u0940\u090f<\/p>\n

\u03c3_F_eff = \u03c3_F0 \u00d7 KA \u00d7 KV \u00d7 KF\u03b1 \u00d7 KF\u03b2
\n= 47.6 \u00d7 1.25 \u00d7 1.05 \u00d7 1.0 \u00d7 1.18
\n= 47.6 \u00d7 1.550 = 73.7 \u090f\u092e\u092a\u0940\u090f<\/p>\n

\u091a\u0930\u0923 6 \u2014 \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/p>\n

\u03c3_F \u0932\u093f\u092e (20CrMnTi \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921, ISO MQ) = 450 MPa
\nS_F = 450 \/ 73.7 = 6.11 \u2713<\/span> \u00a0(\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e 1.4 \u2014 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915)<\/p>\n

\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937:<\/strong> \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0941\u0908\u0902 \u2014 S_H = 3.21 \u0914\u0930 S_F = 6.11\u0964 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b: (1) S_H \u2248 1.10 \u092a\u0930 40Cr QT (\u0938\u0949\u092b\u094d\u091f-\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e; \u092f\u093e (2) \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u094b M4 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 S_H > 1.5 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0930\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n

\"\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/p>\n

\u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f ISO 6336 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u0906\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u2014 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 S_H \u0914\u0930 S_F \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n

\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u093e\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u2014 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n

\n
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\u091d\u0941\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u092c \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u0913 6336 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n

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\u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0902<\/h2>\n
\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u03c3_H lim, QT \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 3 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u03c3_F lim \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 2 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u03c3_H lim \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 (\u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948)\u0964 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b HB 280 \u0938\u0947 HRC 60 \u0924\u0915 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u03c3_H lim \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u03c3_F lim \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0915\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u03c3_F lim \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0940\u0921\u093c\u0928 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947) \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u03c3_H lim \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u091f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0947\u091a\u0926\u093e\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong>\u092a\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 S_H \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 S_F \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u03b2 \u0915\u094b 20\u00b0 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0915\u0930 25\u00b0 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 ISO 6336 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n

ISO 6336 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: Z_\u03b5 (\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915, \u03b5_\u03b2 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948), Z_\u03b2 (\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 = \u221acos \u03b2, \u03b2 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940), \u0914\u0930 Z_H (\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915, \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940)\u0964 \u03c3_H \u092a\u0930 \u03b2 \u0915\u094b 20\u00b0 \u0938\u0947 25\u00b0 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u22125 \u0938\u0947 \u22128% (\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0924\u0928\u093e\u0935, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927) \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u03b5_\u03b2 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 0.9 \u0938\u0947 1.3 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 Z_\u03b5 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, Y_\u03b2, \u03b2 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u03c3_F \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u092c \u03b2 \u0915\u094b 20\u00b0 \u0938\u0947 25\u00b0 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u092f \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (F_a tan 25\u00b0\/tan 20\u00b0 = 1.28 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) - \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u092e\u091d\u094c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f ISO 6336 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f AGMA 2101 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u091c\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0902 \u2014 AGMA 2101 \u0914\u0930 ISO 6336 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091f\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0941\u0908\u0938 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092c\u0938 \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, ISO 6336 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 S_H \u2265 1.1 \u0914\u0930 S_F \u2265 1.5 \u0939\u094b, \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0938 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 AGMA 2101 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 ISO 6336 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0932\u094d\u091f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 AGMA 2101 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0909\u091f\u092a\u0941\u091f \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u0908\u090f\u0938\u0913 6336 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0930\u0942\u0922\u093c\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/strong><\/p>\n

ISO 6336 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e (MQ \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u0942\u0922\u093c\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 (\u0928\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940) \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 S_H = 1.0 \u092a\u0930 ISO 6336 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0924\u0915 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 ME-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0930\u093e\u0907\u091c\u094d\u0921 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c: \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 MQ \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b; KA \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0906\u0902\u0915\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b (\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0940\u0915 \u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b); \u092f\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0938\u0905\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 K_H\u03b2 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b (\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u0935\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092e\u093f\u0938\u0905\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b)\u0964 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0936\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 K-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0936\u0902\u0938\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f ISO 6336 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0932\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/h2>\n

\u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921, \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b, \u0938\u0947\u0902\u091f\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u094b\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0930-\u092a\u093e\u0935\u0930 ISO 6336-2 (\u092a\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0914\u0930 ISO 6336-3 (\u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917) \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0939\u0940 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0932, \u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0921\u094d\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u091f\u0947\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u093f\u092b\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n

ISO 6336 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/a>
\n\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e<\/a><\/div>\n

ISO 6336-2 \u092a\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u00b7 ISO 6336-3 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u00b7 S_H \u0914\u0930 S_F \u0930\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u00b7 \u0938\u092d\u0940 K-\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u00b7 \u0939\u0930 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u0938\u0902\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915: \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u090f\u092e<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 ISO 6336 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0939\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0907\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092a\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 (\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u0928, \u03c3_H) \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0921\u093c \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0947\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\u03c3_F)\u0964 ISO 6336 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3082],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-helical-gears"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2357","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2357"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2357\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2361,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2357\/revisions\/2361"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2357"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2357"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/hi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2357"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0921\u092c\u094d\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092a\u0940","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}