{"id":2322,"date":"2026-06-24T02:50:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T02:50:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/?p=2322"},"modified":"2026-06-24T02:50:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T02:50:11","slug":"helical-gear-heat-treatment-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/helicalcutgears.top\/tr\/helical-gear-heat-treatment-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Helisel Di\u015fli \u00c7ark\u0131n Termal De\u011ferlendirilmesi \u2014 G\u00fc\u00e7 Kayb\u0131 Hesaplamas\u0131, Is\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve So\u011futma Gereksinimleri"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Helisel Di\u015fli Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flemi \u2014 Karb\u00fcrleme, \u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla Sertle\u015ftirme, Nitr\u00fcrleme ve QT Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h1>\n

Uygulanan \u0131s\u0131 i\u015flemi helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> Helisel di\u015flinin y\u00fczey sertli\u011fi, yorulma \u00f6mr\u00fc, i\u015flem sonras\u0131 deformasyonu ve i\u015flem sonras\u0131 ta\u015flama gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi belirlenir. Yanl\u0131\u015f i\u015flem se\u00e7imi \u2013 nitr\u00fcrlenmesi gereken bir di\u015fliye karb\u00fcrleme uygulamak veya karb\u00fcrleme gerektiren bir di\u015fliye QT sertle\u015ftirme uygulamak \u2013 do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahip ancak tamamen yanl\u0131\u015f yorulma performans\u0131na sahip bir di\u015fli \u00fcretebilir. Bu k\u0131lavuz, i\u015flem parametreleri, elde edilebilir sertlik, \u03c3_H lim ve \u00e7izim \u00f6zellikleri ile her pratik \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem se\u00e7ene\u011fini kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ekipman\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flemi Onaylay\u0131n \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Helisel Di\u015fliler \u0130\u00e7in D\u00f6rt Is\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Prosesi \u2014 Yan Yana Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n
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\u0130\u015flem<\/th>\nY\u00fczey Sertli\u011fi<\/th>\n\u00c7ekirdek Sertli\u011fi<\/th>\nDava Derinli\u011fi<\/th>\n\u03c3_H lim (MPa)<\/th>\n\u00c7arp\u0131tma<\/th>\nIs\u0131l \u0130\u015flem Sonras\u0131 Ta\u015flama<\/th>\nG\u00f6receli Maliyet<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
QT (sertle\u015ftirme ve temperleme)<\/td>\nHB 220\u2013350<\/td>\nAyn\u0131 kesit boyunca<\/td>\nHi\u00e7bir durum yok \u2014 sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f<\/td>\n490\u2013680<\/td>\nMinimal<\/td>\n\u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 (yeterli el i\u015fi)<\/td>\n1.0\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla sertle\u015ftirme<\/td>\nHRC 50\u201358<\/td>\nHRC 28\u201338 (QT \u00e7ekirde\u011fi)<\/td>\n0,5\u20135 mm (frekans kontroll\u00fc)<\/td>\n820\u20131050<\/td>\nOrta d\u00fczeyde \u2014 yerel termal stres<\/td>\nDIN 5-6 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/td>\n1,4\u20131,8 kat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaz karb\u00fcrleme + Q + T<\/td>\nHRC 58\u201362<\/td>\nHRC 30\u201338<\/td>\n0,5\u20133,0 mm (zaman kontroll\u00fc)<\/td>\n1500\u20131800<\/td>\nY\u00fcksek \u2014 tam f\u0131r\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/td>\nDIN 5-7 S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in Zorunlu<\/td>\n2,0\u20132,8\u00d7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gaz nitr\u00fcrleme<\/td>\nHV 700\u20131050 (HRC 62+)<\/td>\nHRC 28\u201338 (QT pre-HT)<\/td>\n0,1\u20130,6 mm (s\u0131\u011f)<\/td>\n1100\u20131450<\/td>\n\u00c7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck (maksimum 520\u00b0C)<\/td>\nGenellikle gerekli de\u011fildir.<\/td>\n2,2\u20132,8 kat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130\u015flem 1: Su Verme ve Temperleme (QT) \u2014 Yumu\u015fak Di\u015f Yan Y\u00fczeyi Temel De\u011feri<\/h2>\n

QT (sertle\u015ftirme ve temperleme), en basit \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemdir. helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> \u00c7elik kaliteleri: D\u00f6vme veya \u00e7ubuk halindeki ham madde 820\u2013880\u00b0C'de \u00f6stenitle\u015ftirilir, ya\u011fda veya suda so\u011futulur, ard\u0131ndan hedef sertli\u011fe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in 550\u2013680\u00b0C'de temperlenir. Sonu\u00e7, y\u00fczeyde herhangi bir sertle\u015fme tabakas\u0131 olmayan, homojen olarak sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir kesittir. Y\u00fczey sertli\u011fi temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r \u2014 HB 220 yakla\u015f\u0131k 630\u00b0C temperlemeye; HB 320 ise yakla\u015f\u0131k 560\u00b0C temperlemeye kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir.<\/p>\n

QT helisel di\u015fliler<\/strong> QT \u00e7evriminden sonra di\u015fler kesilir; di\u015fliler son sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f durumda (HB 220\u2013350 Asya pazar\u0131nda kolayca bulunabilir) frezelenir veya \u015fekillendirilir. Di\u015f kesiminden sonra \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, deformasyonun giderilmesine gerek yoktur ve do\u011frudan frezeleme ile DIN S\u0131n\u0131f 7\u20139 hassasiyeti elde edilebilir. QT, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlarda do\u011fru spesifikasyondur: uygulama y\u00fck\u00fc 490\u2013680 MPa aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki \u03c3_H lim aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa; ta\u015flama planlanm\u0131yorsa; ve di\u015fli, 15 m\/s'nin alt\u0131nda hat h\u0131z\u0131na sahip kritik olmayan genel bir end\u00fcstriyel tahrik sistemindeyse.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015flem 2: Gaz Karb\u00fcrleme \u2014 \u00dcst\u00fcn Kalitede Helisel Di\u015fliler \u0130\u00e7in Standart Y\u00f6ntem<\/h2>\n

\"Gaz<\/p>\n

Karb\u00fcrlenmi\u015f helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> \u2014 HRC 58\u201362 y\u00fczey sertli\u011fi, tipik olarak 0,8\u20132,0 mm etkili kasa derinli\u011fi (HV 550'ye kadar), 1500\u20131800 MPa \u03c3_H lim de\u011feri verir ve hassas otomotiv, elektrikli ara\u00e7, CNC, denizcilik ve a\u011f\u0131r sanayi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturur. helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00fcretim<\/p>\n

Karb\u00fcrleme D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc \u2014 Proses Parametreleri<\/h3>\n

Gaz karb\u00fcrleme, di\u015f y\u00fczeyini zenginle\u015ftirir. helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik (tipik olarak 20CrMnTi veya 17CrNiMo6), 880\u2013940\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta endotermik gaz + zenginle\u015ftirici gaz (propan veya do\u011fal gaz) atmosferine maruz b\u0131rak\u0131larak karbonla zenginle\u015ftirilir. Karbon, y\u00fczeyden i\u00e7eriye do\u011fru yay\u0131l\u0131r ve sertle\u015ftirme ve temperleme i\u015fleminden sonra, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu sert bir \u00e7ekirdek \u00fczerinde sert bir martensitik y\u00fczey olu\u015fturan bir karbon konsantrasyon gradyan\u0131 meydana getirir.<\/p>\n

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\u00d6stenitleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

880\u2013940\u00b0C. Daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k, karbon dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ancak baz\u0131 \u00e7eliklerde tane b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi riskini de beraberinde getirir. 17CrNiMo6, tane b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi olmadan 940\u00b0C'ye kadar dayan\u0131r; 20CrMnTi ise maksimum 920\u00b0C ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Karbon potansiyeli kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Karbonlama i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda atmosferik karbon potansiyeli C_P = 0,75\u20130,85%; y\u00fczey profilini d\u00fczle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in dif\u00fczyon a\u015famas\u0131nda 0,65\u20130,70%'ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. F\u0131r\u0131nda CO\u2082 veya O\u2082 probu ile izlenir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Kasa derinli\u011fi kontrol\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

Etkin kasa derinli\u011fi (HV 550'ye kadar) \u2248 0,18 \u00d7 \u221as\u0131cakl\u0131kta ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre [saat]. Hedef 0,8 mm: toplam yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 saatlik i\u015flem s\u00fcresi. Hedef 1,5 mm: yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 saat. S\u00fcre, i\u015flem maliyetidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Su verme ve temperleme<\/strong><\/p>\n

820\u2013840\u00b0C'den oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar ya\u011fda so\u011futma. 150\u2013200\u00b0C'de 2 saat temperleme \u2014 kal\u0131nt\u0131 gerilimi ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131rken HRC 58\u201362 de\u011ferini korur. Daha y\u00fcksek temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fczey sertli\u011fini belirtilen de\u011ferin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Karbonlama i\u015fleminden sonra ta\u015flaman\u0131n neden zorunlu oldu\u011fu:<\/strong> 880\u2013940\u00b0C'deki f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7evrimi, di\u015f profili ve hatvesinde 0,05\u20130,3 mm'lik termal ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm deformasyonuna neden olur; bu da DIN S\u0131n\u0131f 5\u20137 tolerans bantlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Deformasyona u\u011fram\u0131\u015f di\u015flinin, do\u011fruluk s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmak i\u00e7in karb\u00fcrleme i\u015fleminden sonra ta\u015flanmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu nedenle, DIN S\u0131n\u0131f 5 karb\u00fcrlenmi\u015f bir di\u015fli bu nedenle helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> Di\u015fli her zaman karbonlama ve ta\u015flama i\u015fleminden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir; sadece karbonlama i\u015flemi DIN 10-12 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 hassasiyeti sa\u011flar ve ta\u015flama i\u015flemi hassasiyeti geri kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/div>\n

\u0130\u015flem 3: \u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla Sertle\u015ftirme \u2014 B\u00fcy\u00fck Di\u015fliler i\u00e7in Se\u00e7ici Y\u00fczey Sertle\u015ftirme<\/h2>\n

\u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla sertle\u015ftirme, elektromanyetik ind\u00fcksiyon kullanarak malzemeyi \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r. helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> Di\u015f y\u00fczeyi, \u00f6stenitle\u015ftirme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u0131zla (tipik olarak di\u015f ba\u015f\u0131na veya tarama ge\u00e7i\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na 1-10 saniye i\u00e7inde) \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve ard\u0131ndan hemen so\u011futulur. Sadece elektromanyetik penetrasyon derinli\u011fi i\u00e7indeki y\u00fczey \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve sertle\u015ftirilir; \u00e7ekirdek, ind\u00fcksiyon \u00f6ncesi sertli\u011finde kal\u0131r (tipik olarak 42CrMo i\u00e7in QT HB 280-320). Sonu\u00e7: sert y\u00fczey, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ekirdek ve ind\u00fckt\u00f6r frekans\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen kontroll\u00fc bir derinlikte yer alan k\u0131l\u0131f-\u00e7ekirdek s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0130nd\u00fckt\u00f6r Frekans\u0131<\/th>\nN\u00fcfuz Derinli\u011fi<\/th>\nUygun Di\u015fli Mod\u00fcl\u00fc<\/th>\nSertle\u015ftirme Kal\u0131b\u0131<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
450 kHz (HF)<\/td>\n0,3\u20130,8 mm<\/td>\nM2\u2013M5<\/td>\nSadece y\u00fczey; di\u015f profilini takip eden kontur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10\u201330 kHz (MF)<\/td>\n1,0\u20132,5 mm<\/td>\nM5\u2013M16<\/td>\nDi\u015f konturunu takip eden k\u0131smi vaka; daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck mod\u00fcller i\u00e7in di\u015f boyunca uzanan yap\u0131.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1\u20133 kHz (LF)<\/td>\n3\u20136 mm<\/td>\nM16\u2013M40+<\/td>\nB\u00fcy\u00fck mod\u00fcller i\u00e7in di\u015f boyunca sertle\u015ftirme; k\u00f6k alt\u0131nda kasa-\u00e7ekirdek s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla sertle\u015ftirme, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck mod\u00fcll\u00fc malzemeler i\u00e7in uygundur. helisel di\u015fliler<\/strong> (M16\u2013M50) Madencilik, \u00e7imento fabrikas\u0131 ve haddehane uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, gaz karb\u00fcrleme i\u015fleminin pratik olmayan uzun f\u0131r\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri (2\u20135 mm kasa derinli\u011fi i\u00e7in 70\u2013200 saat) gerektirece\u011fi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kesitli i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131nda kontrol edilemez deformasyona neden olaca\u011f\u0131 durumlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130nd\u00fcksiyonla sertle\u015ftirme, yerel olarak \u0131s\u0131tma ve so\u011futma yaparak, tam bir f\u0131r\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne g\u00f6re daha az toplam deformasyon olu\u015fturur; ancak karma\u015f\u0131k termal gradyan, DIN S\u0131n\u0131f 5\u20137 i\u00e7in yine de sertle\u015ftirme sonras\u0131 ta\u015flama gerektirir.<\/p>\n

4. \u0130\u015flem: Gaz Nitr\u00fcrleme \u2014 Tak\u0131m Tezgah\u0131 Di\u015flilerinde Boyutsal Kararl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h2>\n

Gaz nitr\u00fcrleme, azotu \u00f6n-QT y\u00fczeyine yayar. helisel di\u015fli<\/strong> \u00c7elik (tipik olarak 38CrMoAl, ancak end\u00fcstriyel di\u015fliler i\u00e7in 42CrMo ve 40Cr de kullan\u0131l\u0131r) 490\u2013530\u00b0C'de - d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda - \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Azot, ala\u015f\u0131m elementleriyle (Cr, Mo, Al) birle\u015ferek son derece sert nitr\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6keltileri olu\u015fturur ve herhangi bir faz d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc olmaks\u0131z\u0131n HV 700\u20131050 y\u00fczey sertli\u011fi sa\u011flar. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 \u015fu anlama gelir:<\/p>\n